CSS Sociology Syllabus
I. General Sociology
- Individual
- Culture
- Meaning and characteristics: variable, learned, social, shared, transmissive, dynamic, adaptive.
- Types: Material, Non-material.
- Functions: transfer of knowledge, define situation, provide behaviour pattern, moulds personality.
- Elements: norms, values, beliefs, sanctions, customs.
- Culture and Socialization: formal and non-formal socialization, transmission of culture, cultural relativism.
- Sub-cultures.
- Ethnocentrism and xenocentrism.
- Cultural lag.
- High culture and popular culture.
- Multiculturalism, assimilation, and acculturation.
- Society
- Meaning and characteristics.
- Community: meaning and characteristics.
- Individual and society.
- Relationship between individual and society.
- Theories on man and society:
- (i) Social contract theory
- (ii) Organismic theory
- Social and cultural evolution of society:
- Hunting and Gathering Society
- Herding and Advanced Herding Society
- Horticultural Society
- Agrarian Society
- Industrial Society
- Post-modern Society
- Social Interaction
- Caste and classes.
- Forms of social classes.
- Feudal system in Pakistan.
- Social mobility: nature and determinants in Pakistani society.
- Culture of poverty.
- Social Control
- Mechanisms of social control: formal and informal means.
- Anomie, alienation, and social integration.
- Means of social integration in Pakistani society.
- Social and Cultural Change & Social Policy
- Processes of social and cultural change: discovery.
- Inhibitions to social and cultural change in Pakistan.
- Social planning and directed social and cultural change.
- Effect of industrialization, urbanization, modernization, and modern communication on social change.
- Public Opinion
- Formation of public opinion.
- Concept and characteristics of opinion leadership.
- Community
- The rural community: traditional characteristics of rural life.
- The urban community.
- Rural–urban convergence, urbanism, and future of cities in Pakistan.
- Social Institutions
- Nature and genesis of institutions.
- Process of institutionalization.
- Functions of social institutions: family, religion, education, economy, and politics.
- Social Problems in Pakistan
- High population growth rate.
- Rural–urban migration.
- Issues of technical/vocational training.
- Deviance and street crime.
- Unemployment, illiteracy, school dropout.
- Smuggling, prostitution, poverty.
- Drug addiction, child labour and abuse, bonded labour.
- Social customs and traditions affecting women in Pakistan.
- Violence against women and domestic violence.
- Issues concerning the elderly in Pakistan.
II. Sociological Theory
- Three sociological perspectives:
- Structural Functionalism
- Symbolic Interactionism
- Conflict Theory
- Theorists: Ibn-i-Khaldun, Spencer, Auguste Comte, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Karl Marx, Parsons.
III. Methods of Sociological Research
- Scientific method
- Steps in research
- Types of questionnaire
- Research design
- Surveys
- Observation
- Case studies